离开之前:

• Check with Health Service regarding your immunization record.
• Take enough prescription medication for the time you will be gone.
• 医疗警报手环，如果需要的话.
• Extra glasses or contacts and equipment.
• Check your health insurance for international travel or out of network coverage.

卫生措施:

晒伤

• 晚上11点之间避免阳光直射.m. 和2p.m.
• Use sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or greater.
• Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going out and after swimming or excessive sweating.
• Wear sunglasses, a hat or other protective clothing when possible.
• If you are on medication, check its potential adverse interaction with the sun.

晕动病

• In a car, the best place to be in the driver’s seat. 第二好的是靠窗的座位.
• On a bus, sit near the front by a window, preferably one that opens.
• On a plane, wheels are the most stable.
• On a boat, try to get a mid-ship cabin close to the waterline.
• There are over the counter medications available to relieve motion sickness. Most should be taken at least half an hour before leaving.

昆虫

• Limit outdoor activities between dusk and dawn. (Dengue fever, however, is transmitted by day-biting mosquitoes, primarily in urban areas.)
• Wear good insect repellent containing 避蚊胺.
• Reapply insect repellent after swimming or excessive sweating.
• Wear protective clothing such as long sleeve and pants whenever practical.
• 睡在有遮挡的地方.
  
• You can still develop malaria after you leave the endemic area. You must continue with the prescribed medication for four weeks after leaving 疟疾 areas.

水

• 不要在淡水中游泳.
• 这在湖泊中很常见, 河流 and streams in many developing countries to be infected by parasitic larvae.
• These parasites are capable of penetrating the unbroken skin of humans causing serious illness in some cases.
• 不要游泳, wade or walk in slow moving fresh water lakes, 河流, or streams where these parasites are known to occur.
• If this contact is unavoidable, towel dry quickly to prevent the parasite from penetrating the skin.

胃的问题

• Up to 50 percent of travelers contract diarrhea during their trip. The most common reason is contaminated food and water.
• Consume only canned or commercially bottled carbonated drinks.
• Avoid ice cubes that are not made from purified water.
  
• 不建议单独过滤.
• Brushing teeth should also be done with purified water. If it’s not available, use hot tap water.
• Ensure all food is well cooked – especially meat and seafood.
• Don’t eat leftovers, food from street vendors, or unpasteurized dairy products.
  
• 不要吃生贝类.
• Avoid cold cuts, salads, watermelon and puddings.
• Don’t eat canned food if the tin appears “blown” or “swollen.”
• Eat only fruits and vegetables that you properly wash and peel yourself.
• Cook or bake fruits and vegetables that can’t be peeled or washed.

如果我腹泻了怎么办?

• Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
• Drink clear broth or eat salted crackers to 补偿盐的损失.
• 避免奶制品.
• If you have bloody stools, seek medical attention.
• Take over the counter medication for diarrhea.
  

接种疫苗:

甲型肝炎

• Follow strict food and water precautions while traveling (Review 胃的问题, above).
• If traveling to areas where 甲型肝炎 is common, 甲型肝炎 vaccine.
• Six months' preparation time is needed, 但如果时间不到一个月, a short limited protection may be an alternative.
  

乙型肝炎

• 接种乙肝疫苗. Six months' preparation time is needed, 但如果时间是一个月, a short limited protection may be an alternative.
• 避免任何接触.
• Use latex condoms correctly for every sexual contact.
• Never use another person’s razor, shaver or toothbrush.
• Don’t get tattoos or have any part of your body pierced.
  

疟疾

This is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by infected female mosquitoes. 疟疾 may occur as soon as one week after you enter the tropics, and may progress rapidly to cause seizures, coma, breathing and kidney problems, and death. The initial symptoms of malaria look much like the common flu: fever, 发冷, headache and generalized aches and pains.

• 遵循昆虫指南.
• Rigorously follow your instruction for taking any prescribed medication for prevention of malaria.
• Always practice personal precautions against mosquito bites between dusk and dawn.

伤寒

伤寒是一种 危及生命的疾病. It’s usually spread under unsanitary conditions, either person to person or through contaminated food, 喝水或喝水. It is characterized by a high fever, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite and dizziness. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, 发冷, constipation and diarrhea.

• Vaccination is recommended for all travelers to 高危地区.
• Don’t depend on immunizations alone to keep you healthy. 遵循安全的食物和水的预防措施.
  

黄热病

这是一种病毒性疾病. The disease is carried by some species of mosquitoes in Central and South America, 以及非洲的热带地区. A mild attack may have symptoms similar to those of the flu. 然而, 更严重的症状包括恶心, 呕吐, 出血, abdominal pain and yellowing of the skin as a result of liver damage.

Travelers to diseased areas or traveling through a diseased area and entering another county may require a certificate of vaccination against yellow fever for legal entry.

• This vaccine is a single vaccination  that is valid for 10 years, beginning 10 days after you receive your vaccine.
  

Items to bring with you on your travels:

急救用品

邦迪牌创可贴
酒精棉签
防腐剂
安全别针
剪刀
镊子
迷你闪光灯
防晒霜
温度计

药物

抗酸剂
抗组胺药
止呕
咳嗽药
解充血药
腹泻药
泻药
止痒药膏
发烧和疼痛
处方药物
避蚊胺
经痛药